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source oe-init-build-env

create: bitbake-layers create-layer meta-<layer_name>

add: bitbake-layers add-layer ../meta-<layer_name>

show: bitbake-layers show-layers

It is possible to customize existing meta layers by creating an own meta layer with bitbake append files. In this description the meta layer meta-altera for Intel FPGA devices is used as reference.

For more informations about the operating system used and the sources and versions of yocto project or meta-altera layer, see Yocto KICKstart#Used source files.

Initialize the environment

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Before starting to create a custom meta layer, navigate to the yocto poky directory and initialize the environment with the following commands:

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cd <path_to_yocto>/poky
source oe-init-build-env
cd ..

Download required sources

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Since the created meta-custom layer should depend on meta-altera, these sources files must be downloaded and added to the yocto project.

Navigate to yocto poky directory and download meta-altera layer:
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cd <path_to_yocto>/poky git clone -b dunfell https://github.com/kraj/meta-altera.git
Add meta-altera to yocto project with:
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language bash
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bitbake-layers add-layer ./meta-altera

Create custom meta layer

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In this example, the created layer is named meta-custom. If you want to use a different name, just replace "custom".

Create own layer "meta-

...

custom" with:
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bitbake-layers create-layer ./meta-custom
The created layer contains a sample recipes folder, that can be removed:
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rm -rf ./meta-custom/recipes-example
Make meta-custom dependent on meta-altera:
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sed -i '/LAYERDEPENDS_meta-custom/s/core/meta-altera/g' meta-custom/conf/layer.conf
Add the meta-custom layer to the yocto project with:
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language bash
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bitbake-layers add-layer ./meta-custom

Add required parameters to local.conf

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First the variable "MACHINE" must be redefined in the local.conf file. Several machines are defined in the meta-altera layer (see meta-altera/conf/machine for more information). In this example, the machine 'cyclone5' is used.
Remove the default value and add 'cyclone5':
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sed -i '/^MACHINE/s/MACHINE/#MACHINE/g' build/conf/local.conf echo -e '\nMACHINE = "cyclone5"' >> build/conf/local.conf

For the linux kernel in the meta-altera layer it's required to define a the preferred provider and version in local.conf (see meta-altera/recipes-kernel/linux for other linux kernel versions):

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echo -e '\nPREFERRED_PROVIDER_virtual/kernel = "linux-altera-lts"' >> build/conf/local.conf
echo -e 'PREFERRED_VERSION_linux-altera-lts = "5.4%"' >> build/conf/local.conf

Set the preferred u-boot version for meta-altera in local.conf (see meta-altera/recipes-bsp/u-boot for other u-boot versions):
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echo -e '\nPREFERRED_VERSION_u-boot-socfpga = "v2021.04%"' >> build/conf/local.conf

...

Configure linux kernel

###with devtool

Set up the build environment to modify the source for an existing recipe:

devtool modify linux-altera-lts -O -s

Launch menuconfig, make changes to configuration and exit and save your config:

devtool menuconfig linux-altera-lts

devtool update-recipe linux-altera-lts -a ${PWD}/../meta-custom -O

create .bbappend file → file name must be the same as original .bb recipe file but with with .bbappend ending

gedit /meta-custom/recipes-kernel/linux/linux-altera-lts_5.4.bbappend

add following content to this file:

FILESEXTRAPATHS_prepend := "${THISDIR}/files:"
SRC_URI += "file://fragment.cfg "

Configure u-boot

###with devtool

für meta-altera müssen folgende variablen in build/conf/local.conf eingefügt werden (wird nur für die konfiguration via menuconfig gebraucht, muss danach entfernt werden):

UBOOT_MACHINE=" socfpga_cyclone5_defconfig" → welche für die ausgewählte MACHINE benutzt wird steht in meta-altera/recipes-bsp/u-boot/u-boot-socfpga.inc

UBOOT_CONFIG = ""

Set up the build environment to modify the source for an existing recipe:

devtool modify u-boot-socfpga -O -s

Launch menuconfig, make changes to configuration and exit and save your config:

devtool menuconfig u-boot-socfpga

devtool update-recipe u-boot-socfpga -a ${PWD}/../meta-custom -O

folgende variablen können wieder entfernt werden, nachdem beenden der konfigration von u-boot:

UBOOT_MACHINE=" socfpga_cyclone5_defconfig" → welche für die ausgewählte MACHINE benutzt wird steht in meta-altera/recipes-bsp/u-boot/u-boot-socfpga.inc unter UBOOT_CONFIG[...]=...

UBOOT_CONFIG = ""

checkout other branch

...

Create workspace

The following command creates the workspace directory and adds it to bblayers.conf:

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devtool create-workspace

Configure u-boot

To modify the default configuration and create patches of u-boot do following steps:

It is not possible to call menuconfig if UBOOT_CONFIG is defined. But UBOOT_CONFIG is needed to assign a defconfig file to UBOOT_MACHINE. UBOOT_MACHINE must therefore be defined manually. The variable UBOOT_CONFIG is predefined in the machine configuration file for cyclone5 with the value 'cyclone5-socdk' (see meta-altera/conf/machine/cyclone5.conf). The associated defconfig file is therefore socfpga_cylcone5_defconfig (see meta-altera/recipes-bsp/u-boot/u-boot-socfpga-common.inc). Accordingly these variables must be defined in local.conf:
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echo -e '\nUBOOT_MACHINE = "socfpga_cyclone5_defconfig"' >> build/conf/local.conf echo -e 'UBOOT_CONFIG = ""' >> build/conf/local.conf
Run following command to prepare the workspace and fetch and unpack the sources:
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devtool modify u-boot-socfpga -O
Make changes to u-boot configuration
1. Launch menuconfig with following command and make your changes:
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  language bash
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  devtool menuconfig u-boot-socfpga
2. Exit and save your configuration. devtool-fragment.cfg will be created automatically.
Make changes to the u-boot source files
1. Navigate to u-boot-socfpga in the workspace and add, modify or remove files:
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  cd build/workspace/sources/u-boot-socfpga
2. Run a build to test your changes:
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  devtool build u-boot-socfpga
3. Add the changes made with:
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  git add .
4. Commit your changes and add a short message. The message is used to name the patch file:
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  git commit -m "<message>"
5. If you want to generate more patches, repeat step a - d, otherwise navigate back to the poky directory:
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  cd <path_to_yocto>/poky
Add the devtool-fragment.cfg and the patches to the meta-custom layer with:
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language bash
theme Midnight
linenumbers true
devtool update-recipe u-boot-socfpga -a ./meta-custom -O
Remove the UBOOT_CONFIG and UBOOT_MACHINE variables from local.conf if you use the default defconfig file for the MACHINE 'cyclone5':
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sed -i '/UBOOT_MACHINE = "socfpga_cyclone5_defconfig"/d' build/conf/local.conf sed -i '/UBOOT_CONFIG = ""/d' build/conf/local.conf

Configure linux kernel

To modify the default configuration and create patches of linux kernel do following steps:

Run following command to prepare the workspace and fetch and unpack the sources:
Code Block
language bash
theme Midnight
linenumbers true
devtool modify linux-altera-lts -O
Launch menuconfig with following command and make your changes, exit and save your configuration:
Code Block
language bash
theme Midnight
linenumbers true
devtool menuconfig linux-altera-lts
Make changes to the linux-altera-lts configuration
1. Launch menuconfig with following command and make your changes:
  Code Block
  language bash
  theme Midnight
  linenumbers true
  devtool menuconfig linux-altera-lts
2. Exit and save your configuration. devtool-fragment.cfg will be created automatically.
Make changes to u-boot source files
1. Navigate to linux-altera-lts in the workspace and add, modify or remove files:
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  language bash
  theme Midnight
  linenumbers true
  cd build/workspace/sources/linux-altera-lts
2. Run a build to test your changes:
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  language bash
  theme Midnight
  linenumbers true
  devtool build linux-altera-lts
3. Add the changes made with:
  Code Block
  language bash
  theme Midnight
  linenumbers true
  git add .
4. Commit your changes and add a short message. The message is used to name the patch file:
  Code Block
  language bash
  theme Midnight
  linenumbers true
  git commit -m "<message>"
5. If you want to generate more patches, repeat step a - d, otherwise navigate back to the poky directory:
  Code Block
  language bash
  theme Midnight
  linenumbers true
  cd <path_to_yocto>/poky
Add the devtool-fragment.cfg and the patches to the meta-custom layer with:
Code Block
language bash
theme Midnight
linenumbers true
devtool update-recipe linux-altera-lts -a ./meta-custom -O

Remove workspace

Remove the workspace from bblayers.conf and delete the workspace folder:

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language	bash
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bitbake-layers remove-layer workspace
rm -rf build/workspace

Add custom files to custom meta layer

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References

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Versions Compared

Old Version 2

New Version 3

Key

Initialize the environment

Download required sources

Create custom meta layer

Add required parameters to local.conf

Configure custom meta layer with devtool

Configure linux kernel

Configure u-boot

Create workspace

Configure u-boot

Configure linux kernel

Remove workspace

Add custom files to custom meta layer

References

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