For updating the firmware of the module, one needs:

Quartus prime and Arrow-USB-Blaster need to be installed prior to updating the firmware.
In addition, the compressed folder needs to be extracted.

To update the firmware, open Quartus prime and press "Hardware Setup...". A new window opens.





In it press right next to "Currently selected hardware" and select "Arrow-USB-Blaster [USBX]",
whereby the "X" in [USBX] is a placeholder.





Then, press "Close" and return to the previous window.





Now the hardware is selected and through pressing "Add File" the downloaded *.pof firmware file can be selected.

The window layout changes slightly.




Mark the "Program/Configure" box for the selected file. The programming of the FPGA is executed, when you press the button "Start".
When the programming finishes, the Quartus Prime Programmer can be closed.