.At the moment [09.01.2020] it is not fully understood which files are necessary
to boot a Linux or an bare metal application onto the HPS of a Cyclone 5 / 10 or Aria chip
Every detail which not fully clear will be emphasized as questionable.
Requirements
All steps to format / setup a bootable SD card can only be performed within a Linux.
Background
The boot process of the HPS consists of several stages:
- Boot ROM
- Hard coded into the chip
- It's purpose is to detect the selected boot source
- Perform minimal Setup of the HPS
- Load the next Boot stage [Preloader / u-boot-spl] into the On chip RAM [OCRAM]
therefore the preloader / SPL u-boot is limited to 64 kByte on Cyclone 5 devices - Preloader
- Perform additional HPS initialization
- Bring up SDRAM
- Load the next boot stage from Flash to SDRAM and jump to it
- Preloader-optins:
u-boot - SPL
SoC EDS - MPL [Altera bare-metal libraries - HWLibs]
- For Cyclone 5 devices, the preloader consists of 4 identical copies. each 64 kB in size,
256 kb in total - Main Bootloader
- Load Linux [u-boot] or Bare Metal Application into the RAM
- Jump to it
Partitions within the SD card
The SD card can be partitioned or not, a partitioned SD card offers the advantage of a separation / persistent data storage.
Partitions of the SD card:
Partition Required for Size
W95 FAT32 (LBA) Kernel and Device Tree Blob > 20 MB
Linux ext(2/3 or 4) Linux Distribution > 150 MB to 2 GB
Altera / a2 SPL u-boot and Main u-boot >= 1 or 2 MB
The first partition need to be the vFat partition, best practice: vFat, Linux and a2 partition
Unknown - partition for u-boot config script (uboot.scr)
vfat-partition: optional - Linux-Config-Script / main u-boot instead a2-partition
Format the SD card
To partition the SD card, Linux offers the command line tool fdisk [sfdisk].
BEWARE! fdisk can operate on every disk within the system and does not ask for approval.
Identify your SD card
Inserd the Sd card into the system, start a console [Ctrl + Alt + t] and type:
lsblk → list the disks conected to the system / Get SD-card-path
Example output:
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 120G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 112G 0 part /
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 8G 0 part [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 1 7,2G 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 1 1M 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
RM = Removable ? → sdc is the sd card
Format the card - Manual approach:
To format the card, start the tool fdisk by typing:
sudo fdisk /dev/sdc -> sudo=grant root, enter password fdisk=tool /dev/...=SD card
The command promt changes to Command (m for help)
Type p to list all existing partitions.
Type d to erase a partition.
Type n to edit a new partition.
Type t to set the partition type (default is Linux / 83).
Output for p: For convenience, the partition table listed is the one which the SD card needs to be setup to
Sizes may vary
Disk /dev/sdc: 7740 MB, 7740588032 bytes
239 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylinders, total 15118336 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x982b3f12
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 616448 307200+ c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))
/dev/sdc2 616449 3074049 1228800+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 3074050 3094530 10240+ a2 Unknown
Step 1: Erase all partitions → Type d and select a partition number to delete or go with the suggested one
Repeat for all partitions
Step 2: Create a partition → Type n.
One can type in all required values by hand, but the tool offers usefull values by default.
To accept them, yout press enter.
Partition type → Select p ; Partition number → Enter ; First sector → Enter
Last sector → +size{K,M,G} / example: 20 MB partition → +20M
Step 3: Set partition type → Type t
c=(W95 FAT32 (LBA)) a2=Altera boot partition 83=Linux, default value
Step 4: Repeat step 2 and 3 until all partitions are edited
Step 5: Write the new table to th SD card → Type w
Step 6: Close programm → Type q
Format the card - Automated approach:
Copy to a textfile and save
unit: sectors
/dev/sdb1 : start= 2048, size= 204800, Id= c /dev/sdb2 : start= 206848, size= 4096000, Id=83 /dev/sdb3 : start= 4302848, size= 4096, Id=a2 /dev/sdb4 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0
unmount
run fsdisk
Data of each partition
sudo mkfs -t vfat /dev/sdX-nummer
sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdX-nummer
vFat zimage and dtb
a2, nur sd card angeben, keine partition, wird selbsttätig gesucht
sudo ~/intelFPGA/19.1/embedded/host_tools/altera/diskutils/alt-boot-disk-util -p preloader-mkpimage.bin -b u-boot.img -a write /dev/sdb
sudo tar -xvf ~/Desktop/arrow-sockit/arrow-sockit-console-image-minimal-arrow-sockit-20191121221211.rootfs.tar.gz -C /mnt/card/
2 Weitere Partitionene erstellen:
Fat32 / VFat ~ 29152 Sectoren / 24576 Blocks groß
- Command (m for help): n, p, 3, "Enter", +29576
- Command (m for help): t=table, c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))
- Command (m for help): a=active, 3
Ext4 ~ 2097152 Sectoren / 1048576 Blocks
- ....
- Nicht nötig, per default als "83" / Linux markiert
Im Ergrbnis erhält man diese Partitionstabelle:
Command (m for help): p
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 * 8 42605 21299 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdc2 42608 44655 1024 a2 Unknown
/dev/sdc3 44656 3454691 1705018 83 Linux
SPEICHERN der Tabelle mittels:
Command (m for help): w
Dateisystem der 2ten und 3ten Partion erzeugen:
de-10@de10-VirtualBox:~$ sudo umount /media/user/Partitions-Name
sudo mkfs -t vfat /dev/sdxp3
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/ldx2p2
Möglicherweise nochmal ummounten
PRE-Loader mit inkludiertem Haupt-Boot-Loader installieren / kopieren:
sudo dd if=/home/de-10/Desktop/deployA19.01/u-boot-arrow-sockit-v2019.04+gitAUTOINC+bc38a09daa-r0.sfp of=/dev/sdf1 seek=0
Damit kann der Preloader den U-Boot-bootloader laden und
danack kann wiederum von der Fat-Partition der DTB (Device Tree Blob)
sowie der Linux-kernel zImage geladen werden.
Overview
Content Tools