At the moment [09.01.2020] it is not fully understood which files are necessary
to boot a Linux or an bare metal application onto the HPS of a Cyclone 5 / 10 or Aria chip
Every detail which not fully clear will be emphasized as questionable.
Background
The boot process of the HPS consists of several stages:
- Boot ROM
- Hard coded into the chip
- It's purpose is to detect the selected boot source
- Perform minimal Setup of the HPS
- Load the next Boot stage [Preloader / u-boot-spl] into the On chip RAM [OCRAM] - Preloader
- Perform additional HPS initialization
- Bring up SDRAM
- Load the next boot stage from Flash to SDRAM and jump to it
- Preloader-optins:
u-boot - SPL
SoC EDS - MPL [Altera bare-metal libraries - HWLibs] - Main Bootloader
- Load Linux [u-boot] or Bare Metal Application into the RAM
- Jump to it
Partitions of a SD card
The SD card can be partitioned or not, a partitioned SD card offers the advantage of a separated / persistend data partition.
Partitions of the SD card:
Partition Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Used for
/dev/sdc1 * 2048 616448 307200+ c W95 FAT32 (LBA) u-boot, Kernel, Dtb and Linux-Config-Script
/dev/sdc2 616449 3074049 1228800+ 83 Linux Linux Distribution
/dev/sdc3 3074050 3094530 10240+ a2 Unknown SPL u-boot and optional Main u-boot
Format the SD card
To partition the SD card, Linux offers the command line tool fdisk [sfdisk].
BEWARE! fdisk can operate on every disk of the system and does not ask for approval.
Inserd the Sd card into the system, start a console [Ctrl + Alt + t] and type:
lsblk → list the disks conected to the system / Get SD-card-path
Example output:
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 120G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 112G 0 part /
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 8G 0 part [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 1 7,2G 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 1 1M 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
RM = Removable → sdc is the sd card
de-10@de10-VirtualBox:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdc -> Starte fdisk (optional sfdisk)
[sudo] password for de-10:
Command (m for help): p -> List partitions
Disk /dev/sdc: 7740 MB, 7740588032 bytes
6 heads, 1 sectors/track, 2519722 cylinders, total 15118336 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xbc81f5dd
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Wenn partitionen bestehen, alle löschen:
Command (m for help): d -> delete partitionen
Partition number (1-4): 1 -> Select partition to delete
Command (m for help): w -> Write new partition table
Command (m for help): q -> End programm
Neue partitionen anlegen;
de-10@de10-VirtualBox:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
Command (m for help): n -> New partition
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-15118335, default 2048): 2048 -> Just "Enter" for automode
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-15118335, default 15118335): +2048
-> +sectors, with 512 byte sector, 1 M byte partion created
Command (m for help): p
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 4096 1024+ 83 Linux
Partition-Typ in a2 umbenennen, damit diese Partition beim booten vom
Cyclone 5 gefunden werden kann. In dieser Partition wird später der
First-Stage- / Pre- Bootloader gespeichert.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): a2
Changed system type of partition 1 to a2 (Unknown)
2 Weitere Partitionene erstellen:
Fat32 / VFat ~ 29152 Sectoren / 24576 Blocks groß
- Command (m for help): n, p, 3, "Enter", +29576
- Command (m for help): t=table, c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))
- Command (m for help): a=active, 3
Ext4 ~ 2097152 Sectoren / 1048576 Blocks
- ....
- Nicht nötig, per default als "83" / Linux markiert
Im Ergrbnis erhält man diese Partitionstabelle:
Command (m for help): p
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 * 8 42605 21299 c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdc2 42608 44655 1024 a2 Unknown
/dev/sdc3 44656 3454691 1705018 83 Linux
SPEICHERN der Tabelle mittels:
Command (m for help): w
Dateisystem der 2ten und 3ten Partion erzeugen:
de-10@de10-VirtualBox:~$ sudo umount /media/user/Partitions-Name
sudo mkfs -t vfat /dev/sdxp3
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/ldx2p2
Möglicherweise nochmal ummounten
PRE-Loader mit inkludiertem Haupt-Boot-Loader installieren / kopieren:
sudo dd if=/home/de-10/Desktop/deployA19.01/u-boot-arrow-sockit-v2019.04+gitAUTOINC+bc38a09daa-r0.sfp of=/dev/sdf1 seek=0
Damit kann der Preloader den U-Boot-bootloader laden und
danack kann wiederum von der Fat-Partition der DTB (Device Tree Blob)
sowie der Linux-kernel zImage geladen werden.
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