Requirements
All steps to format / setup a bootable SD card can only be performed within a Linux installation.
(Windows Subsystem for Linux is not capable to format a SD card)
Soweit ist das folgende wohl überflüssig, da schon erwähnt auf den Seiten zuvor:--------------
An installation of INTEL SoC FPGA EMBEDDED DEVELOPMENT SUITE, so the tools
bsp-editor, alt-boot-disc-util and SoC EDS Command Shell are present.
Partitions within the SD card
The SD card can be partitioned or not, a partitioned SD card offers the advantage of a separation / persistent data storage.
Partitions of the SD card:
Partition Required for Size
W95 FAT32 (LBA) Kernel and Device Tree Blob > 20 MB
Linux ext(2/3 or 4) Linux Distribution > 150 MB to 2 GB
Altera / a2 SPL u-boot and Main u-boot >= 1 or 2 MB
The first partition need to be the vFat partition, best practice: vFat, Linux and a2 partition
Unknown - partition for u-boot config script and how to setup (uboot.scr)
The main u-boot environment can be saved with saveenv
vfat-partition: optional - Linux-Config-Script / main u-boot instead a2-partition
Format the SD card
To partition the SD card, Linux offers the command line tool fdisk [sfdisk].
BEWARE! fdisk [sfdisk] can operate on every disk within the system and does not ask for approval.
Console commands are in cursive letters and bold, comments to a command follow the command
inside brackets.
Example:
commands_in_cursive_letters_and_bolt (comment in brackets)
Identify your SD card
Inserd the Sd card into the system, start a console [Ctrl + Alt + t] and type:
lsblk (list the disks conected to the system / Get SD-card-path)
!!!!!! kommando für die Identifizierung
!!!! Warnung deutlicher
!!!!! Name ist variable sdc
Example output:
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 120G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 112G 0 part /
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 8G 0 part [SWAP]
sdc 8:32 1 7,2G 0 disk
└─sdc1 8:33 1 1M 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
RM = Removable → sdc is the SD card with one partition sdc1
Format the card
fANG MIT AUTO AN; SOLLTE Es wegen dem Texteditrot zu fehlern kommen, → manuell machen
Manual approach:
To format the card, start the tool fdisk by typing:
sudo fdisk /dev/sdc (sudo=grant root, enter password fdisk=tool /dev/...=SD card)
The command promt changes to Command (m for help).
Type p to list all existing partitions.
Type d to erase a partition.
Type n to edit a new partition.
Type t to set the partition type (default is Linux / 83).
Type a to mark partition as active.
Output for p: For convenience, the partition table listed is the one which the SD card needs to be setup to
Sizes may vary
Disk /dev/sdc: 7740 MB, 7740588032 bytes
239 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1020 cylinders, total 15118336 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x982b3f12
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 616448 307200+ c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))
/dev/sdc2 616449 3074049 1228800+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 3074050 3094530 10240+ a2 Unknown
Step 1: Erase all partitions → Type d and select a partition number to delete or go with the suggested one
Repeat for all partitions
Step 2: Create a partition → Type n.
One can type in all required values by hand, but the tool offers usefull values by default.
To accept them, yout press enter.
Partition type → Select p ; Partition number → Enter ; First sector → Enter
Last sector → +size{K,M,G} / example: 20 MB partition → +20M
Step 3: Set partition type → Type t
c=W95 FAT32 (LBA) a2=Altera boot partition 83=Linux, default value
Step 4: Repeat step 2 and 3 until all partitions are created
Step 5: Write the new table to th SD card → Type w
Step 6: Close programm → Type q
Automated approach:
MISSING:
- Partitionensgröße editieren
- HINWEIS → Besser nicht 8GB bei einer 8GB-Karte verwenden, wegen defekter Sektoren
Copy to a textfile and save the following in between ----- .
------------------------------
unit: sectors
/dev/sdb1 : start= 2048, size= 204800, Id= c
/dev/sdb2 : start= 206848, size= 4096000, Id=83
/dev/sdb3 : start= 4302848, size= 4096, Id=a2
/dev/sdb4 : start= 0, size= 0, Id= 0
------------------------------
To create the partition table run:
sudo umount /dev/sdX* (umounts=unmount *=all partitions)
sudo sfdisk /dev/sdX < PathToTextFile
(To read the partition table from a storage device - sudo sfdisk -d /dev/sdX > PathToTextFile)
Data of each partition
Before writing data to the partitions, unmount the device
sudo umount /dev/sdX*
and plage the SD card in and out of the card reader.
W95 Fat32 partition
The W95 Fat32 partition needs to be formated.
sudo umount /dev/sdX*
sudo mkfs -t vfat /dev/sdXp (p=partition number, needs to be 1)
After the operation finishes, use a data browser to copy the
Linux kernel / zImage(.bin) and the device tree blob / socfpga.dtb.
u-boot.img muss auf diese Partition!!!!
ext(2/3/4) partition
The ext(2/3/4) partition is formated via:
sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdXp (p=partition number, should be 2)
After the operation finishes, use a data browser to copy the
Linux root file system / rootfs to it.
An other approach is needed for a compressed root file system.
Befor decompressing a ... .tar.gz file to the SD card, it needs to be mounted to
a mounting point. This requires an existing folder to write to.
Usually these folder is placed inside the mnt folder, for example:
sudo mkdir /mnt/card (create mounting point folder)
Mount it:
sudo mount /dev/sdXp /mnt/card (p=partition number, should be 2)
Extract the ... .tar.gz file to the partition:
sudo tar -xvf pathToCompressed.tar.gz -C /mnt/card/ (x=decompress v=show progress -C=extract to)
sudo sync (imported, empty all buffers)
//////////////////////// SOC EDA Installation für Linux !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
a2 partition
This partition need no formatting, the data needs to be copied with the tool
alt-boot-disk-util .
The tool should be in the folder:
\intelFPGA\18.1\embedded\host_tools\altera\diskutils
Copy the SPL u-boot.bin and the Main u-boot.img to it, change to the directory:
cd pathToAlt-boot-disk-util (cd=change directory)
and run:
sudo pathToAlt-boot-disk-util -p preloaderImage.bin -b mainU-boot.img -a write /dev/sdX (the tool finds the a2 partition)
Lastly, unmount the Sd card ( sudo umount /dev/sdX* ) and test it.
(The tool dd can also be used to write the preloader - sudo dd if=pathToSplUboot of=/dev/sdXp seek=0 bs=64k conv=fsync)
Console output of boot process
BootRom - no output
SPL u-boot - U-Boot SPL 2013.01.01 (Jan 02 2020 - 11:23:24) ...
main u-boot - U-Boot 2013.01.01 (Jan 06 2020 - 10:45:30) ...
Kernel loading - Starting kernel ...
rootfs loading - Welcome to Poky (Yocto Project Reference Distro) 2.7.2 (warrior)!
Linux - Poky (Yocto Project Reference Distro) 2.7.2 arrow-sockit ttyS0
U-Boot SPL 2013.01.01 (Jan 02 2020 - 11:23:24)
BOARD : Altera SOCFPGA Cyclone V Board
CLOCK: EOSC1 clock 25000 KHz
CLOCK: EOSC2 clock 25000 KHz
CLOCK: F2S_SDR_REF clock 0 KHz
CLOCK: F2S_PER_REF clock 0 KHz
CLOCK: MPU clock 600 MHz
CLOCK: DDR clock 333 MHz
CLOCK: UART clock 100000 KHz
CLOCK: MMC clock 50000 KHz
CLOCK: QSPI clock 400000 KHz
RESET: COLD
INFO : Watchdog enabled
SDRAM: Initializing MMR registers
SDRAM: Calibrating PHY
SEQ.C: Preparing to start memory calibration
SEQ.C: CALIBRATION PASSED
SDRAM: 2048 MiB
ALTERA DWMMC: 0
U-Boot 2013.01.01 (Jan 06 2020 - 10:45:30)
CPU : Altera SOCFPGA Platform
BOARD : Altera SOCFPGA Cyclone V Board
I2C: ready
DRAM: 2 GiB
MMC: ALTERA DWMMC: 0
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Skipped ethaddr assignment due to invalid EMAC address in EEPROM
Net: mii0
Warning: failed to set MAC address
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
reading u-boot.scr
** Unable to read file u-boot.scr **
Optional boot script not found. Continuing to boot normally
reading zImage
4584536 bytes read in 219 ms (20 MiB/s)
reading socfpga.dtb
19377 bytes read in 5 ms (3.7 MiB/s)
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 00000100
Booting using the fdt blob at 0x00000100
reserving fdt memory region: addr=0 size=1000
Loading Device Tree to 03ff8000, end 03fffbb0 ... OK
Starting kernel ...
Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.9.0-g27c406b-dirty (soceds@ubuntu) (gcc version 5.5.0 (Linaro GCC 5.5-2017.10) ) #3 SMP Tue Mar 26 23:45:18 EDT 2019
[ 0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [413fc090] revision 0 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d
[ 0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT aliasing instruction cache
[ 0.000000] OF: fdt:Machine model: Trenz M Series Cyclone V SoC Development Kit
[ 0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writealloc
[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 14 pages/cpu @eefcb000 s26944 r8192 d22208 u57344
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 522752
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootwait
... Skipping lines until the last one ...
[ 1.849673] systemd[1]: Detected architecture arm.
Welcome to Poky (Yocto Project Reference Distro) 2.7.2 (warrior)!
[ 1.888466] systemd[1]: Set hostname to <arrow-sockit>.
[ 2.113176] systemd[1]: File /lib/systemd/system/systemd-journald.service:12 configures an IP firewall (IPAddressDeny=any), but the local system does not support BPF/cgroup based firewalling.
[ 2.130237] systemd[1]: Proceeding WITHOUT firewalling in effect! (This warning is only shown for the first loaded unit using IP firewalling.)
[ 2.444313] systemd[1]: Listening on udev Control Socket.
[ OK ] Listening on udev Control Socket.
[ 2.486269] systemd[1]: Listening on Syslog Socket.
[ OK ] Listening on Syslog Socket.
[ 2.517683] systemd[1]: Started Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch.
[ OK ] Started Forward Password R???uests to Wall Directory Watch.
... Skipping lines until the last one ...
[ OK ] Started Update UTMP about System Runlevel Changes.
Poky (Yocto Project Reference Distro) 2.7.2 arrow-sockit ttyS0
arrow-sockit login:
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